Bahrain ranked 95/197 by economy size with a GDP of $47.7B and 41/197 by GDP per capita at $30,048. Bahrain has $64B in government debt, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 141.4%.
In 2025, Bahrain made up 0.04% of the world's economy, compared to 0.01% in 1970.
The chart below shows GDP in nominal terms, GDP adjusted for inflation (in constant dollars), and a bar chart of year-over-year inflation-adjusted growth.
| Year | GDP | GDP growth | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Current $ | Constant $ | ||
| 1970 | $391,577,364 | $3,916,965,158 | - |
| 1971 | $422,181,562 | $3,979,916,383 | 7.82% |
| 1972 | $534,081,184 | $4,420,574,963 | 26.5% |
| 1973 | $761,132,545 | $5,036,098,060 | 42.5% |
| 1974 | $1,042,176,884 | $5,462,767,480 | 36.9% |
| 1975 | $1,099,107,601 | $4,980,141,416 | 5.46% |
| 1976 | $1,581,709,519 | $6,497,904,126 | 43.9% |
| 1977 | $1,989,060,283 | $7,343,778,518 | 25.8% |
| 1978 | $2,272,042,965 | $7,627,414,970 | 14.2% |
| 1979 | $2,710,160,739 | $7,892,030,438 | 19.3% |
| 1980 | $3,493,834,468 | $8,095,666,864 | 28.9% |
| 1981 | $3,943,109,532 | $7,665,244,758 | 12.9% |
| 1982 | $4,145,421,080 | $7,086,042,176 | 5.13% |
| 1983 | $4,247,030,468 | $7,537,874,925 | 2.45% |
| 1984 | $4,440,874,566 | $7,915,043,506 | 4.56% |
| 1985 | $4,152,376,484 | $7,538,424,481 | -6.5% |
| 1986 | $3,470,746,843 | $7,627,603,584 | -16.4% |
| 1987 | $3,856,922,694 | $8,420,798,792 | 11.1% |
| 1988 | $4,209,834,173 | $9,010,254,004 | 9.15% |
| 1989 | $4,393,093,963 | $9,043,051,972 | 4.35% |
| 1990 | $4,809,511,005 | $9,444,382,363 | 9.48% |
| 1991 | $5,248,911,170 | $10,504,986,340 | 9.14% |
| 1992 | $5,402,232,447 | $11,207,769,729 | 2.92% |
| 1993 | $5,913,001,064 | $12,650,210,449 | 9.45% |
| 1994 | $6,330,627,926 | $12,618,584,749 | 7.06% |
| 1995 | $6,651,180,851 | $13,114,494,169 | 5.06% |
| 1996 | $6,938,166,755 | $13,653,500,708 | 4.31% |
| 1997 | $7,219,407,713 | $14,075,803,380 | 4.05% |
| 1998 | $7,031,309,043 | $14,750,034,868 | -2.61% |
| 1999 | $7,528,469,149 | $15,384,286,109 | 7.07% |
| 2000 | $9,062,898,936 | $16,199,663,949 | 20.4% |
| 2001 | $8,976,196,809 | $16,603,189,277 | -0.96% |
| 2002 | $9,593,510,638 | $17,159,155,483 | 6.88% |
| 2003 | $11,074,813,830 | $18,239,571,634 | 15.4% |
| 2004 | $13,150,159,574 | $19,512,869,154 | 18.7% |
| 2005 | $15,968,723,404 | $20,833,694,756 | 21.4% |
| 2006 | $18,504,760,638 | $22,181,009,695 | 15.9% |
| 2007 | $21,730,000,000 | $24,020,694,053 | 17.4% |
| 2008 | $25,710,904,255 | $25,520,789,027 | 18.3% |
| 2009 | $22,938,218,085 | $26,168,987,899 | -10.8% |
| 2010 | $26,805,984,043 | $27,303,230,073 | 16.9% |
| 2011 | $29,914,680,851 | $27,829,679,464 | 11.6% |
| 2012 | $31,963,404,255 | $28,888,050,242 | 6.85% |
| 2013 | $33,823,324,468 | $30,416,985,616 | 5.82% |
| 2014 | $34,772,526,596 | $31,727,610,008 | 2.81% |
| 2015 | $32,523,297,872 | $32,523,297,872 | -6.47% |
| 2016 | $33,884,680,851 | $33,764,059,499 | 4.19% |
| 2017 | $37,204,813,830 | $35,436,675,411 | 9.8% |
| 2018 | $39,567,978,723 | $36,164,044,588 | 6.35% |
| 2019 | $40,446,808,511 | $36,906,448,211 | 2.22% |
| 2020 | $35,837,632,979 | $34,724,774,104 | -11.4% |
| 2021 | $40,840,212,766 | $36,235,315,986 | 14% |
| 2022 | $46,458,191,489 | $38,474,716,945 | 13.8% |
| 2023 | $46,192,260,638 | $39,966,811,156 | -0.57% |
| 2024 | $47,736,702,128 | $41,172,709,123 | 3.34% |
Economic Statistics of Bahrain
Bahrain
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$47.7B
2024 |
95/197 |
| GDP growth |
3.34%
2023-2024 |
140/196 |
| GDP per capita |
$30,048
2024 |
41/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$67,211
2024 |
26/197 |
| Government debt |
$64B
2024 |
66/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
141.4%
2025 |
8/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$40,267
2024 |
13/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$20,364
2025 |
44/197 |
| Listed domestic companies |
39
2024 |
76/103 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies |
$20.4B
2024 |
58/100 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
29.6%
2025 |
101/195 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
0.92%
2023-2024 |
173/195 |
| Central bank interest rate |
4.75%
2025 |
60/105 |
| Unemployment rate |
1.2%
2012 |
186/196 |
| Population |
1650128
|
151/197 |
Bahrain's GDP per capita
Bahrain has a GDP per capita of $30,048, ranking 41/197, a GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP) of $67,211, ranking 26/197, and a median annual after tax income of $20,364, ranking 44/197.
| Year | Current $ | |
|---|---|---|
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 1970 | $1,742 | - |
| 1971 | $1,830 | - |
| 1972 | $2,206 | - |
| 1973 | $2,981 | - |
| 1974 | $3,874 | - |
| 1975 | $3,880 | - |
| 1976 | $5,310 | - |
| 1977 | $6,358 | - |
| 1978 | $6,926 | - |
| 1979 | $7,891 | - |
| 1980 | $9,733 | - |
| 1981 | $10,557 | - |
| 1982 | $10,712 | - |
| 1983 | $10,599 | - |
| 1984 | $10,697 | - |
| 1985 | $9,649 | - |
| 1986 | $7,777 | - |
| 1987 | $8,333 | - |
| 1988 | $8,772 | - |
| 1989 | $8,833 | - |
| 1990 | $9,343 | $26,902 |
| 1991 | $10,434 | $31,657 |
| 1992 | $10,460 | $33,648 |
| 1993 | $11,152 | $37,870 |
| 1994 | $11,629 | $37,579 |
| 1995 | $11,901 | $38,839 |
| 1996 | $12,092 | $40,106 |
| 1997 | $12,255 | $40,965 |
| 1998 | $11,625 | $42,281 |
| 1999 | $12,123 | $43,561 |
| 2000 | $14,214 | $45,688 |
| 2001 | $13,573 | $46,162 |
| 2002 | $13,501 | $45,091 |
| 2003 | $14,486 | $45,427 |
| 2004 | $15,964 | $46,317 |
| 2005 | $17,966 | $47,268 |
| 2006 | $19,267 | $48,009 |
| 2007 | $20,908 | $49,347 |
| 2008 | $23,299 | $50,330 |
| 2009 | $19,465 | $48,626 |
| 2010 | $21,819 | $49,255 |
| 2011 | $25,033 | $52,677 |
| 2012 | $26,439 | $56,713 |
| 2013 | $26,990 | $56,310 |
| 2014 | $26,452 | $54,299 |
| 2015 | $23,734 | $48,034 |
| 2016 | $23,800 | $47,429 |
| 2017 | $24,785 | $50,185 |
| 2018 | $26,324 | $51,993 |
| 2019 | $27,260 | $56,600 |
| 2020 | $24,343 | $53,436 |
| 2021 | $27,148 | $54,955 |
| 2022 | $30,471 | $61,678 |
| 2023 | $29,290 | $64,171 |
| 2024 | $30,048 | $67,211 |
Bahrain's government spending, deficit, and chart
This chart shows Bahrain's government spending, budget balance, and debt over time, each expressed as a share of GDP.
Over the past 36 years, Bahrain recorded a fiscal deficit in 28 years — average annual deficit equal to -5.48% of GDP. In 2024, government spending reached $14.4B (29.6% of GDP), with a deficit of -10.4%.
The national debt reached $64B, ranking 66th out of 185 countries by total size, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 141.4%, ranking 8th.
| Year | % of GDP | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Government spending | Government debt | Government deficit/surplus | |
| 1990 | 32.4% | 7.24% | -6.79% |
| 1991 | 28.5% | 6.71% | -3.47% |
| 1992 | 29.4% | 6.45% | -5.41% |
| 1993 | 26.7% | 5.95% | -2.77% |
| 1994 | 26.1% | 5.62% | -5.18% |
| 1995 | 25.1% | 13.6% | -3.99% |
| 1996 | 22.7% | 13.1% | 0.24% |
| 1997 | 31% | 14.8% | -6.39% |
| 1998 | 25.7% | 20% | -5.49% |
| 1999 | 27.1% | 24.7% | -4.85% |
| 2000 | 22.2% | 24.7% | 7.33% |
| 2001 | 26.5% | 25% | 0.7% |
| 2002 | 30.6% | 27.2% | -3.27% |
| 2003 | 28.1% | 31.1% | -1.7% |
| 2004 | 25% | 28.2% | 0.24% |
| 2005 | 23.9% | 23.2% | 2.8% |
| 2006 | 23.1% | 19.4% | 2.24% |
| 2007 | 22.4% | 15.7% | 1.52% |
| 2008 | 22.7% | 12.1% | 4.08% |
| 2009 | 24.6% | 20.5% | -5.36% |
| 2010 | 31.1% | 28.8% | -9.29% |
| 2011 | 30.2% | 31.6% | -4.9% |
| 2012 | 31.1% | 34.8% | -5.77% |
| 2013 | 32% | 42.3% | -8.55% |
| 2014 | 27.3% | 42.6% | -3.32% |
| 2015 | 34.8% | 63.2% | -17.5% |
| 2016 | 33.3% | 77.4% | -16.6% |
| 2017 | 30.7% | 84% | -13.4% |
| 2018 | 32.1% | 90.4% | -11.3% |
| 2019 | 31.2% | 97.1% | -8.57% |
| 2020 | 34.6% | 125.7% | -17.3% |
| 2021 | 30.6% | 122.3% | -10.6% |
| 2022 | 27.5% | 111.6% | -5.15% |
| 2023 | 27.9% | 123% | -8.46% |
| 2024 | 30.2% | 134% | -10.7% |
| 2025 | 29.6% | 141.4% | -10.4% |
Inflation rate by year
Over the past 20 years, Bahrain has had an average annual inflation rate of 1.76%. In 2024, inflation was 0.92%. The bar chart below shows consumer price inflation by year.
| Year | Inflation |
|---|---|
| 1966 | 2.13% |
| 1967 | 4.26% |
| 1968 | 3.26% |
| 1969 | -0.19% |
| 1970 | 1.63% |
| 1971 | 5.79% |
| 1972 | 5.09% |
| 1973 | 14.3% |
| 1974 | 24.4% |
| 1975 | 16.2% |
| 1976 | 22.5% |
| 1977 | 17.7% |
| 1978 | 15.8% |
| 1979 | 2.21% |
| 1980 | 3.87% |
| 1981 | 11.3% |
| 1982 | 8.89% |
| 1983 | 2.97% |
| 1984 | 0.32% |
| 1985 | -2.64% |
| 1986 | -2.3% |
| 1987 | -1.75% |
| 1988 | 0.3% |
| 1989 | 1.49% |
| 1990 | 0.93% |
| 1991 | 0.76% |
| 1992 | -0.17% |
| 1993 | 2.54% |
| 1994 | 0.82% |
| 1995 | 2.7% |
| 1996 | -0.45% |
| 1997 | 2.43% |
| 1998 | -0.37% |
| 1999 | -1.29% |
| 2000 | -0.7% |
| 2001 | -1.21% |
| 2002 | -0.5% |
| 2003 | 1.59% |
| 2004 | 2.35% |
| 2005 | 2.59% |
| 2006 | 2.01% |
| 2007 | 3.26% |
| 2008 | 3.53% |
| 2009 | 2.8% |
| 2010 | 1.96% |
| 2011 | -0.4% |
| 2012 | 2.76% |
| 2013 | 3.3% |
| 2014 | 2.65% |
| 2015 | 1.85% |
| 2016 | 2.79% |
| 2017 | 1.39% |
| 2018 | 2.09% |
| 2019 | 1.01% |
| 2020 | -2.32% |
| 2021 | -0.61% |
| 2022 | 3.63% |
| 2023 | 0.07% |
| 2024 | 0.92% |
Balance of trade
|
Bahrain
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
Current account balance
|
$2.28B
2024 |
42/189 |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
+4.78%
2024 |
33/189 |
| Goods imports |
$20.7B
2024 |
80/188 |
| Goods exports |
$24.3B
2024 |
73/188 |
| Service imports |
$12.4B
2024 |
60/188 |
| Service exports |
$17B
2024 |
53/188 |
| Imports of goods and services, % of GDP |
70.1%
2023 |
31/180 |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
87.4%
2023 |
9/193 |
Bahrain's top 10 trading partners
Bahrain's biggest trading partner accounting for 14.3%% of all exports and imports is Saudi Arabia, with a trade balance between the two of +$1.94B — Bahrain exports $2.91B worth of goods and services to Saudi Arabia and imports $976M.
Below is the list of the top 10 trade partners of Bahrain.
| Rank | Country | Trade value | Share of total trade | Export to | Import from | Top export to | Top import from |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Saudi Arabia
|
$3.89B | 14.3% | $2.91B | $976M | Metals | Chemicals & pharma |
| 2 |
UAE
|
$3.21B | 11.8% | $1.77B | $1.44B | Raw materials & minerals | Precious metals & jewellery |
| 3 |
China
|
$2.19B | 8.02% | $35.4M | $2.15B | Metals | Machinery & equipment |
| 4 |
United States
|
$2.01B | 7.39% | $1.04B | $973M | Metals | Machinery & equipment |
| 5 |
Brazil
|
$1.53B | 5.61% | $137M | $1.39B | Metals | Raw materials & minerals |
| 6 |
Australia
|
$1.38B | 5.07% | $125M | $1.26B | Raw materials & minerals | Raw materials & minerals |
| 7 |
India
|
$1.13B | 4.16% | $388M | $744M | Metals | Machinery & equipment |
| 8 |
Japan
|
$820M | 3.01% | $134M | $686M | Metals | Machinery & equipment |
| 9 |
Germany
|
$676M | 2.48% | $150M | $527M | Metals | Machinery & equipment |
| 10 |
Netherlands
|
$664M | 2.44% | $540M | $124M | Metals | Processed food, beverages & tobacco |
Bahrain's top 10 exports
|
Bahrain
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Business & finance services | $7.46B | 38/188 |
| Transport & tourism services | $6.48B | 57/188 |
| Metals | $6.02B | 45/192 |
| Raw materials & minerals | $2.28B | 91/193 |
| Machinery & equipment | $1.5B | 78/193 |
| IT & IP services | $1.33B | 56/183 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $587M | 87/193 |
| Animal & marine products | $553M | 69/192 |
| Precious metals & jewellery | $527M | 76/190 |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $393M | 92/193 |
Bahrain's top 10 imports
|
Bahrain
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Business & finance services | $6.28B | 41/188 |
| Transport & tourism services | $5.21B | 64/188 |
| Machinery & equipment | $4.55B | 90/193 |
| Raw materials & minerals | $3.83B | 84/193 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $1.38B | 102/193 |
| Precious metals & jewellery | $1.05B | 44/193 |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $1.02B | 97/193 |
| Metals | $962M | 96/193 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $928M | 104/193 |
| Animal & marine products | $672M | 74/193 |
Economic freedom indices
|
Bahrain
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 65.6 | 61/197 |
| Property rights | 65.4 | 61/182 |
| Government integrity | 39.8 | 61/182 |
| Judicial effectiveness | 30.2 | 61/182 |
| Tax burden | 99.9 | 2/181 |
| Government spending | 74.3 | 84/180 |
| Fiscal health | 0 | 173/181 |
| Business freedom | 76.5 | 48/182 |
| Labor freedom | 55.3 | 113/182 |
| Monetary freedom | 88.7 | 1/180 |
| Trade freedom | 86.6 | 5/181 |
| Investment freedom | 90 | 2/181 |
| Financial freedom | 80 | 2/181 |
Bahrain's economic freedom by year
Bahrain is ranked 55/180 for economic freedom with a score of 65.6, compared to 20/163 and a score of 71.2 in 2005.
| Year | Index | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | Judicial effectiveness | Tax burden | Government spending | Fiscal health | |
| 1995 | 76.2 | - | 99.4 | 71.7 | - |
| 1996 | 76.4 | - | 99.4 | 72.5 | - |
| 1997 | 76.1 | - | 99.5 | 73.4 | - |
| 1998 | 75.6 | - | 99.4 | 78.1 | - |
| 1999 | 75.2 | - | 99.4 | 80.8 | - |
| 2000 | 75.7 | - | 99.6 | 79.7 | - |
| 2001 | 75.9 | - | 99.2 | 73 | - |
| 2002 | 75.6 | - | 99.3 | 74.8 | - |
| 2003 | 76.3 | - | 99.5 | 79.2 | - |
| 2004 | 75.1 | - | 99.5 | 76.6 | - |
| 2005 | 71.2 | - | 99.5 | 68.1 | - |
| 2006 | 71.6 | - | 99.4 | 73.2 | - |
| 2007 | 71.2 | - | 99.4 | 75.3 | - |
| 2008 | 72.2 | - | 99.7 | 80.3 | - |
| 2009 | 74.8 | - | 99.9 | 79.4 | - |
| 2010 | 76.3 | - | 99.9 | 80.8 | - |
| 2011 | 77.7 | - | 99.8 | 80.2 | - |
| 2012 | 75.2 | - | 99.9 | 72.2 | - |
| 2013 | 75.5 | - | 99.9 | 72.4 | - |
| 2014 | 75.1 | - | 99.9 | 71.4 | - |
| 2015 | 73.4 | - | 99.9 | 73.1 | - |
| 2016 | 74.3 | - | 99.9 | 75.4 | - |
| 2017 | 68.5 | 53.7 | 99.9 | 69.8 | 12 |
| 2018 | 67.7 | 55.1 | 99.9 | 66.4 | 6.5 |
| 2019 | 66.4 | 50.7 | 99.7 | 62.7 | 3.7 |
| 2020 | 66.3 | 48.4 | 99.4 | 66.1 | 2.6 |
| 2021 | 69.9 | 65.8 | 100 | 67.1 | 0 |
| 2022 | 62 | 27.4 | 99.9 | 65.5 | 0 |
| 2023 | 62.5 | 40.4 | 99.9 | 66.3 | 0 |
| 2024 | 63.4 | 30.2 | 99.9 | 68.7 | 0 |
| 2025 | 65.6 | 30.2 | 99.9 | 74.3 | 0 |
More economic indicators
|
Bahrain
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
51.9%
2023 |
120/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
43.4%
2023 |
14/194 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
0.25%
2023 |
188/193 |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$45.8B
2024 |
95/194 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$63,610
2024 |
23/191 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$4.95B
2024 |
102/177 |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
-$2.43B
2024 |
145/188 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
$2.7B
2024 |
63/193 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
$275M
2024 |
71/187 |
|
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
|
29.3%
2023 |
41/176 |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
GDP per capita map
GDP per capita
Relevant pages:
Bahrain topic pages:
Economy comparisons
The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.