Uruguay ranked 80/197 by economy size with a GDP of $81B and 51/197 by GDP per capita at $23,907. Uruguay has $55.6B in government debt, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 68.5%.
In 2025, Uruguay made up 0.07% of the world's economy, compared to 0.09% in 1960.
The chart below shows GDP in nominal terms, GDP adjusted for inflation (in constant dollars), and a bar chart of year-over-year inflation-adjusted growth.
| Year | GDP | GDP growth | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Current $ | Constant $ | ||
| 1960 | $1,242,289,239 | $16,784,217,051 | - |
| 1961 | $1,547,388,781 | $17,202,653,947 | 24.6% |
| 1962 | $1,710,004,407 | $16,931,789,757 | 10.5% |
| 1963 | $1,539,681,491 | $16,960,651,492 | -9.96% |
| 1964 | $1,975,701,816 | $17,374,579,716 | 28.3% |
| 1965 | $1,890,767,156 | $17,556,249,026 | -4.3% |
| 1966 | $1,809,185,094 | $18,093,971,641 | -4.31% |
| 1967 | $1,597,713,469 | $17,432,305,114 | -11.7% |
| 1968 | $1,593,674,185 | $17,761,585,972 | -0.25% |
| 1969 | $2,004,435,484 | $18,803,256,922 | 25.8% |
| 1970 | $2,137,096,774 | $19,241,977,028 | 6.62% |
| 1971 | $2,807,258,065 | $19,193,542,753 | 31.4% |
| 1972 | $2,189,418,689 | $18,940,270,548 | -22% |
| 1973 | $3,964,296,443 | $18,992,394,100 | 81.1% |
| 1974 | $4,090,209,682 | $19,542,289,357 | 3.18% |
| 1975 | $3,538,278,047 | $20,733,765,994 | -13.5% |
| 1976 | $3,667,161,241 | $21,549,737,170 | 3.64% |
| 1977 | $4,114,670,014 | $21,863,385,229 | 12.2% |
| 1978 | $4,910,254,566 | $23,038,320,348 | 19.3% |
| 1979 | $7,181,182,224 | $24,466,492,719 | 46.2% |
| 1980 | $10,163,020,116 | $25,896,167,975 | 41.5% |
| 1981 | $11,048,301,421 | $26,300,034,208 | 8.71% |
| 1982 | $9,178,780,077 | $23,733,710,676 | -16.9% |
| 1983 | $5,102,276,308 | $21,295,214,497 | -44.4% |
| 1984 | $4,850,238,550 | $21,051,891,661 | -4.94% |
| 1985 | $4,732,017,873 | $21,360,625,237 | -2.44% |
| 1986 | $5,880,112,788 | $23,242,455,371 | 24.3% |
| 1987 | $7,367,494,080 | $25,100,256,718 | 25.3% |
| 1988 | $8,213,538,369 | $25,471,975,823 | 11.5% |
| 1989 | $8,438,951,476 | $25,753,161,225 | 2.74% |
| 1990 | $9,298,807,850 | $25,829,737,832 | 10.2% |
| 1991 | $11,206,176,651 | $26,743,802,791 | 20.5% |
| 1992 | $12,878,148,791 | $28,865,011,155 | 14.9% |
| 1993 | $15,002,136,971 | $29,632,112,135 | 16.5% |
| 1994 | $17,474,588,896 | $31,789,727,752 | 16.5% |
| 1995 | $19,297,663,097 | $31,329,539,981 | 10.4% |
| 1996 | $20,515,458,114 | $33,077,088,489 | 6.31% |
| 1997 | $23,969,739,234 | $35,904,413,225 | 16.8% |
| 1998 | $25,385,886,978 | $37,526,894,199 | 5.91% |
| 1999 | $23,983,945,191 | $36,956,130,432 | -5.52% |
| 2000 | $22,823,270,892 | $36,242,902,750 | -4.84% |
| 2001 | $20,898,761,742 | $34,849,678,467 | -8.43% |
| 2002 | $13,606,515,723 | $32,155,098,813 | -34.9% |
| 2003 | $12,045,638,352 | $32,414,038,652 | -11.5% |
| 2004 | $13,686,329,890 | $34,036,089,124 | 13.6% |
| 2005 | $17,362,857,684 | $36,575,226,345 | 26.9% |
| 2006 | $19,741,420,740 | $38,074,290,289 | 13.7% |
| 2007 | $23,797,773,024 | $40,564,924,117 | 20.5% |
| 2008 | $31,119,602,539 | $43,475,921,755 | 30.8% |
| 2009 | $32,708,319,078 | $45,320,819,971 | 5.11% |
| 2010 | $41,950,361,212 | $48,857,389,210 | 28.3% |
| 2011 | $50,342,406,067 | $51,379,472,634 | 20% |
| 2012 | $54,232,266,359 | $53,197,370,201 | 7.73% |
| 2013 | $61,337,621,934 | $55,664,418,794 | 13.1% |
| 2014 | $61,496,186,974 | $57,467,273,108 | 0.26% |
| 2015 | $57,680,327,999 | $57,680,327,999 | -6.21% |
| 2016 | $57,480,787,465 | $58,655,009,160 | -0.35% |
| 2017 | $65,005,997,963 | $59,675,827,117 | 13.1% |
| 2018 | $65,344,577,416 | $59,774,159,518 | 0.52% |
| 2019 | $62,222,313,619 | $60,329,073,610 | -4.78% |
| 2020 | $53,559,359,262 | $55,890,466,349 | -13.9% |
| 2021 | $60,739,084,241 | $59,156,857,854 | 13.4% |
| 2022 | $70,594,110,920 | $61,810,768,801 | 16.2% |
| 2023 | $77,991,666,838 | $62,269,484,309 | 10.5% |
| 2024 | $80,961,511,074 | $64,204,978,532 | 3.81% |
Economic Statistics of Uruguay
Uruguay
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$81B
2024 |
80/197 |
| GDP growth |
3.81%
2023-2024 |
131/196 |
| GDP per capita |
$23,907
2024 |
51/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$36,418
2024 |
61/197 |
| Government debt |
$55.6B
2024 |
70/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
68.5%
2025 |
59/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$16,423
2024 |
37/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$12,053
2025 |
65/197 |
| Listed domestic companies |
17
1999 |
92/103 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies |
$284M
1996 |
98/100 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
30%
2024 |
60/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
2.2%
2024 |
125/169 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
31.2%
2025 |
91/195 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
4.85%
2023-2024 |
55/195 |
| Central bank interest rate |
8.75%
2025 |
31/105 |
| Unemployment rate |
8.21%
2024 |
54/196 |
| Population |
3384690
|
133/197 |
Uruguay's GDP per capita
Uruguay has a GDP per capita of $23,907, ranking 51/197, a GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP) of $36,418, ranking 61/197, and a median annual after tax income of $12,053, ranking 65/197.
| Year | Current $ | |
|---|---|---|
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 1960 | $491 | - |
| 1961 | $604 | - |
| 1962 | $659 | - |
| 1963 | $587 | - |
| 1964 | $745 | - |
| 1965 | $705 | - |
| 1966 | $668 | - |
| 1967 | $585 | - |
| 1968 | $579 | - |
| 1969 | $723 | - |
| 1970 | $766 | - |
| 1971 | $1,000 | - |
| 1972 | $776 | - |
| 1973 | $1,397 | - |
| 1974 | $1,433 | - |
| 1975 | $1,232 | - |
| 1976 | $1,268 | - |
| 1977 | $1,414 | - |
| 1978 | $1,678 | - |
| 1979 | $2,443 | - |
| 1980 | $3,443 | - |
| 1981 | $3,728 | - |
| 1982 | $3,085 | - |
| 1983 | $1,707 | - |
| 1984 | $1,615 | - |
| 1985 | $1,568 | - |
| 1986 | $1,939 | - |
| 1987 | $2,416 | - |
| 1988 | $2,677 | - |
| 1989 | $2,734 | - |
| 1990 | $2,995 | $6,683 |
| 1991 | $3,589 | $7,112 |
| 1992 | $4,102 | $7,808 |
| 1993 | $4,753 | $8,162 |
| 1994 | $5,508 | $8,897 |
| 1995 | $6,050 | $8,906 |
| 1996 | $6,398 | $9,524 |
| 1997 | $7,436 | $10,461 |
| 1998 | $7,837 | $11,002 |
| 1999 | $7,371 | $10,938 |
| 2000 | $6,988 | $10,929 |
| 2001 | $6,383 | $10,719 |
| 2002 | $4,150 | $10,030 |
| 2003 | $3,671 | $10,303 |
| 2004 | $4,169 | $11,103 |
| 2005 | $5,284 | $12,296 |
| 2006 | $6,001 | $13,179 |
| 2007 | $7,222 | $14,397 |
| 2008 | $9,424 | $15,694 |
| 2009 | $9,881 | $16,422 |
| 2010 | $12,641 | $17,873 |
| 2011 | $15,132 | $19,135 |
| 2012 | $16,260 | $19,495 |
| 2013 | $18,335 | $20,661 |
| 2014 | $18,322 | $21,868 |
| 2015 | $17,126 | $22,169 |
| 2016 | $17,010 | $22,841 |
| 2017 | $19,185 | $23,607 |
| 2018 | $19,250 | $24,386 |
| 2019 | $18,316 | $25,783 |
| 2020 | $15,758 | $25,725 |
| 2021 | $17,882 | $29,432 |
| 2022 | $20,819 | $33,001 |
| 2023 | $23,019 | $34,471 |
| 2024 | $23,907 | $36,418 |
Uruguay's government spending, deficit, and chart
This chart shows Uruguay's government spending, budget balance, and debt over time, each expressed as a share of GDP.
Over the past 50 years, Uruguay recorded a fiscal deficit in 45 years — average annual deficit equal to -1.97% of GDP. In 2024, government spending reached $25.2B (31.2% of GDP), with a deficit of -2.94%.
The national debt reached $55.6B, ranking 70th out of 185 countries by total size, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 68.5%, ranking 59th.
| Year | % of GDP | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Government spending | Government debt | Government deficit/surplus | |
| 1955 | 11% | - | -1.24% |
| 1956 | 9.99% | - | 0.04% |
| 1957 | 11.6% | - | -0.72% |
| 1958 | 12% | - | -1.38% |
| 1959 | 9.51% | - | 0.64% |
| 1960 | 9.9% | - | 0.79% |
| 1961 | 13% | - | -0.86% |
| 1962 | 16% | - | -5.02% |
| 1963 | 14.6% | - | -4.4% |
| 1964 | 14.3% | - | -3.61% |
| 1965 | 15.6% | - | -5.14% |
| 1966 | 14.1% | - | -2.01% |
| 1967 | 14.7% | - | -4.12% |
| 1968 | 14.1% | - | -2.93% |
| 1969 | 14.6% | - | -2.37% |
| 1970 | 15.1% | 6.11% | -1.33% |
| 1971 | 20.1% | 9.3% | -5.86% |
| 1972 | 24.6% | 9.12% | -2.25% |
| 1973 | 22.6% | 7% | -1.09% |
| 1974 | 23.8% | 7.61% | -3.74% |
| 1975 | 23% | 8.13% | -4.38% |
| 1976 | 24.2% | 8.67% | -2.01% |
| 1977 | 23.5% | 7.26% | -0.69% |
| 1978 | 22.9% | 5.64% | -0.47% |
| 1979 | 20.2% | 3.98% | 0.99% |
| 1980 | 21.8% | 4.59% | 0.43% |
| 1981 | 25% | 4.32% | -1.15% |
| 1982 | 29.5% | 13.5% | -8.22% |
| 1983 | 26.5% | 21.2% | -3.54% |
| 1984 | 25.6% | 39.5% | -4.94% |
| 1985 | 24.6% | 29% | -1.88% |
| 1986 | 25.1% | 34.6% | -0.34% |
| 1987 | 24.4% | 37.3% | -0.66% |
| 1988 | 26% | 34.8% | -1.47% |
| 1989 | 37% | - | -13.1% |
| 1990 | 21.1% | 26.2% | 0.49% |
| 1991 | 22.2% | 20.4% | 0.88% |
| 1992 | 23.6% | 22.2% | 0.6% |
| 1993 | 27.7% | 20% | -0.47% |
| 1994 | 29.5% | 19.3% | -2.37% |
| 1995 | 26.2% | 18.5% | -1.08% |
| 1996 | 26.5% | 18.3% | -1.32% |
| 1997 | 27.6% | 18.8% | -0.97% |
| 1998 | 27.3% | 19.4% | -0.76% |
| 1999 | 27.2% | 24.1% | -2.76% |
| 2000 | 26.6% | 30.5% | -2.76% |
| 2001 | 27.8% | 39.4% | -2.85% |
| 2002 | 27.6% | 90.1% | -3.19% |
| 2003 | 27.7% | 91.9% | -2.19% |
| 2004 | 26.6% | 73.7% | -0.87% |
| 2005 | 26.3% | 66.2% | -0.28% |
| 2006 | 26.8% | 61.1% | -0.64% |
| 2007 | 26.8% | 52.8% | -0.16% |
| 2008 | 26.3% | 46.2% | -1.31% |
| 2009 | 27.2% | 46.2% | -1.39% |
| 2010 | 27.4% | 40.9% | -0.39% |
| 2011 | 26.3% | 41.3% | -0.33% |
| 2012 | 27.7% | 49.8% | -2.17% |
| 2013 | 28.8% | 50% | -1.72% |
| 2014 | 29.1% | 51.1% | -2.6% |
| 2015 | 28.4% | 57.8% | -1.86% |
| 2016 | 29.7% | 56.4% | -2.68% |
| 2017 | 29.7% | 55.8% | -2.51% |
| 2018 | 30.4% | 57.9% | -1.91% |
| 2019 | 30.6% | 59.6% | -2.74% |
| 2020 | 32.8% | 68.2% | -4.66% |
| 2021 | 30.2% | 64.1% | -2.62% |
| 2022 | 30% | 59.9% | -2.52% |
| 2023 | 30.5% | 64% | -3.13% |
| 2024 | 31.1% | 68.7% | -3.2% |
| 2025 | 31.2% | 68.5% | -2.94% |
Inflation rate by year
Over the past 20 years, Uruguay has had an average annual inflation rate of 7.59%. In 2024, inflation was 4.85%. The bar chart below shows consumer price inflation by year.
| Year | Inflation |
|---|---|
| 1960 | 38.5% |
| 1961 | 22.7% |
| 1962 | 10.9% |
| 1963 | 21.3% |
| 1964 | 42.4% |
| 1965 | 56.6% |
| 1966 | 73.5% |
| 1967 | 89.3% |
| 1968 | 125.3% |
| 1969 | 21% |
| 1970 | 16.3% |
| 1971 | 24% |
| 1972 | 76.5% |
| 1973 | 97% |
| 1974 | 77.2% |
| 1975 | 81.4% |
| 1976 | 50.6% |
| 1977 | 58.2% |
| 1978 | 44.5% |
| 1979 | 66.8% |
| 1980 | 63.5% |
| 1981 | 34% |
| 1982 | 19% |
| 1983 | 49.2% |
| 1984 | 55.3% |
| 1985 | 72.2% |
| 1986 | 76.4% |
| 1987 | 63.6% |
| 1988 | 62.2% |
| 1989 | 80.4% |
| 1990 | 112.5% |
| 1991 | 102% |
| 1992 | 68.5% |
| 1993 | 54.1% |
| 1994 | 44.7% |
| 1995 | 42.2% |
| 1996 | 28.3% |
| 1997 | 19.8% |
| 1998 | 10.8% |
| 1999 | 5.66% |
| 2000 | 4.76% |
| 2001 | 4.36% |
| 2002 | 14% |
| 2003 | 19.4% |
| 2004 | 9.16% |
| 2005 | 4.7% |
| 2006 | 6.4% |
| 2007 | 8.11% |
| 2008 | 7.88% |
| 2009 | 7.06% |
| 2010 | 6.7% |
| 2011 | 8.09% |
| 2012 | 8.1% |
| 2013 | 8.58% |
| 2014 | 8.88% |
| 2015 | 8.67% |
| 2016 | 9.64% |
| 2017 | 6.22% |
| 2018 | 7.61% |
| 2019 | 7.88% |
| 2020 | 9.76% |
| 2021 | 7.75% |
| 2022 | 9.1% |
| 2023 | 5.87% |
| 2024 | 4.85% |
Balance of trade
|
Uruguay
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
Current account balance
|
-$837M
2024 |
118/189 |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
-1.03%
2024 |
87/189 |
| Goods imports |
$12.9B
2024 |
100/188 |
| Goods exports |
$16.4B
2024 |
82/188 |
| Service imports |
$6.22B
2024 |
83/188 |
| Service exports |
$6.87B
2024 |
81/188 |
| Imports of goods and services, % of GDP |
23.7%
2024 |
153/180 |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
28.8%
2024 |
115/193 |
Uruguay's top 10 trading partners
Uruguay's biggest trading partner accounting for 22.9%% of all exports and imports is Brazil, with a trade balance between the two of -$597M — Uruguay exports $2.06B worth of goods and services to Brazil and imports $2.66B.
Below is the list of the top 10 trade partners of Uruguay.
| Rank | Country | Trade value | Share of total trade | Export to | Import from | Top export to | Top import from |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Brazil
|
$4.72B | 22.9% | $2.06B | $2.66B | Raw agricultural goods | Machinery & equipment |
| 2 |
China
|
$4.16B | 20.2% | $1.39B | $2.77B | Animal & marine products | Machinery & equipment |
| 3 |
Argentina
|
$2.16B | 10.5% | $547M | $1.61B | Chemicals & pharma | Raw materials & minerals |
| 4 |
United States
|
$1.76B | 8.57% | $955M | $807M | Animal & marine products | Machinery & equipment |
| 5 |
Nigeria
|
$463M | 2.25% | $17.3M | $446M | Animal & marine products | Raw materials & minerals |
| 6 |
Turkey
|
$439M | 2.13% | $303M | $136M | Animal & marine products | Machinery & equipment |
| 7 |
Netherlands
|
$412M | 2% | $246M | $166M | Animal & marine products | Raw materials & minerals |
| 8 |
Mexico
|
$397M | 1.93% | $171M | $226M | Wood & paper products | Machinery & equipment |
| 9 |
Germany
|
$383M | 1.86% | $81.9M | $301M | Animal & marine products | Machinery & equipment |
| 10 |
Spain
|
$374M | 1.82% | $97M | $277M | Raw agricultural goods | Machinery & equipment |
Uruguay's top 10 exports
|
Uruguay
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Animal & marine products | $3.64B | 31/192 |
| Transport & tourism services | $3.34B | 86/188 |
| Raw agricultural goods | $2.66B | 46/193 |
| Business & finance services | $1.62B | 66/188 |
| Wood & paper products | $1.35B | 47/192 |
| IT & IP services | $1.22B | 57/183 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $718M | 80/193 |
| Machinery & equipment | $695M | 90/193 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $608M | 96/192 |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $225M | 105/193 |
Uruguay's top 10 imports
|
Uruguay
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Machinery & equipment | $4.23B | 92/193 |
| Transport & tourism services | $3.67B | 76/188 |
| Raw materials & minerals | $2.48B | 108/193 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $1.88B | 89/193 |
| Business & finance services | $1.68B | 69/188 |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $1.17B | 92/193 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $1.05B | 97/193 |
| IT & IP services | $653M | 63/182 |
| Metals | $534M | 118/193 |
| Animal & marine products | $447M | 90/193 |
Economic freedom indices
|
Uruguay
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 70.2 | 35/197 |
| Property rights | 86 | 32/182 |
| Government integrity | 77.5 | 32/182 |
| Judicial effectiveness | 81.8 | 32/182 |
| Tax burden | 77.3 | 107/181 |
| Government spending | 72.3 | 96/180 |
| Fiscal health | 79.6 | 72/181 |
| Business freedom | 84 | 18/182 |
| Labor freedom | 61.8 | 52/182 |
| Monetary freedom | 68.5 | 123/180 |
| Trade freedom | 73 | 81/181 |
| Investment freedom | 50 | 127/181 |
| Financial freedom | 30 | 154/181 |
Uruguay's economic freedom by year
Uruguay is ranked 29/180 for economic freedom with a score of 70.2, compared to 35/163 and a score of 66.9 in 2005.
| Year | Index | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | Judicial effectiveness | Tax burden | Government spending | Fiscal health | |
| 1995 | 62.5 | - | 84.6 | 79.6 | - |
| 1996 | 63.7 | - | 83 | 66.9 | - |
| 1997 | 67.5 | - | 88.3 | 67.1 | - |
| 1998 | 68.6 | - | 88.6 | 69.3 | - |
| 1999 | 68.5 | - | 88.4 | 70 | - |
| 2000 | 69.3 | - | 88.2 | 69.3 | - |
| 2001 | 70.7 | - | 86.5 | 71.2 | - |
| 2002 | 68.7 | - | 86.9 | 69.3 | - |
| 2003 | 69.8 | - | 87 | 70.2 | - |
| 2004 | 66.7 | - | 83.5 | 60 | - |
| 2005 | 66.9 | - | 86.1 | 51.3 | - |
| 2006 | 65.3 | - | 86.1 | 45.8 | - |
| 2007 | 68.4 | - | 86.2 | 77.8 | - |
| 2008 | 67.9 | - | 85.9 | 76.6 | - |
| 2009 | 69.1 | - | 82.2 | 76.5 | - |
| 2010 | 69.8 | - | 81.7 | 72.6 | - |
| 2011 | 70 | - | 84.3 | 76.5 | - |
| 2012 | 69.9 | - | 81.2 | 68.7 | - |
| 2013 | 69.7 | - | 84.2 | 68.3 | - |
| 2014 | 69.3 | - | 77.4 | 68 | - |
| 2015 | 68.6 | - | 77.1 | 65.1 | - |
| 2016 | 68.8 | - | 77.2 | 67.6 | - |
| 2017 | 69.7 | 66.8 | 77.5 | 69.4 | 77.2 |
| 2018 | 69.2 | 67 | 78 | 68.6 | 71.1 |
| 2019 | 68.6 | 58.9 | 77.2 | 67.5 | 69.9 |
| 2020 | 69.1 | 59.8 | 75.2 | 66.5 | 72.3 |
| 2021 | 69.3 | 66.8 | 72.6 | 66.9 | 80.5 |
| 2022 | 70 | 80.4 | 72.4 | 70.2 | 75.2 |
| 2023 | 70.2 | 77.3 | 73.7 | 70.1 | 73.3 |
| 2024 | 69.8 | 81.1 | 73.8 | 71.6 | 75.9 |
| 2025 | 70.2 | 81.8 | 77.3 | 72.3 | 79.6 |
More economic indicators
|
Uruguay
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
65.3%
2024 |
45/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
16.8%
2024 |
153/194 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
6.42%
2024 |
96/193 |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$73.1B
2024 |
83/194 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$34,060
2024 |
60/191 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$17.4B
2024 |
66/177 |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
$2.38B
2024 |
21/188 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
-$2.46B
2024 |
183/193 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
-$74.8M
2024 |
178/187 |
| Poverty at national poverty lines |
17.3%
2024 |
117/176 |
|
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
|
15.6%
2024 |
156/176 |
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GDP per capita
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.