North Macedonia ranked 138/197 by economy size with a GDP of $16.7B and 88/197 by GDP per capita at $9,310. North Macedonia has $9.15B in government debt, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 52.9%.
In 2025, North Macedonia made up 0.01% of the world's economy, compared to 0.02% in 1990.
The chart below shows GDP in nominal terms, GDP adjusted for inflation (in constant dollars), and a bar chart of year-over-year inflation-adjusted growth.
| Year | GDP | GDP growth | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Current $ | Constant $ | ||
| 1990 | $4,699,646,643 | $7,293,742,777 | - |
| 1991 | $4,938,775,510 | $6,843,662,858 | 5.09% |
| 1992 | $2,436,849,342 | $6,394,362,794 | -50.7% |
| 1993 | $2,682,456,897 | $5,916,750,488 | 10.1% |
| 1994 | $3,559,608,640 | $5,812,724,182 | 32.7% |
| 1995 | $4,707,041,315 | $5,747,928,136 | 32.2% |
| 1996 | $4,642,021,256 | $5,816,047,056 | -1.38% |
| 1997 | $3,912,986,091 | $5,899,797,048 | -15.7% |
| 1998 | $3,765,745,023 | $6,099,135,594 | -3.76% |
| 1999 | $3,863,619,285 | $6,363,778,789 | 2.6% |
| 2000 | $3,772,859,034 | $6,653,275,728 | -2.35% |
| 2001 | $3,709,636,031 | $6,449,202,687 | -1.68% |
| 2002 | $4,018,365,747 | $6,545,532,201 | 8.32% |
| 2003 | $4,946,296,599 | $6,691,013,308 | 23.1% |
| 2004 | $5,682,784,472 | $7,003,757,264 | 14.9% |
| 2005 | $6,258,602,873 | $7,334,620,965 | 10.1% |
| 2006 | $6,861,226,972 | $7,711,402,290 | 9.63% |
| 2007 | $8,336,474,974 | $8,210,598,903 | 21.5% |
| 2008 | $9,909,552,435 | $8,659,882,990 | 18.9% |
| 2009 | $9,401,736,825 | $8,628,827,363 | -5.12% |
| 2010 | $9,407,170,321 | $8,918,648,176 | 0.06% |
| 2011 | $10,494,626,768 | $9,127,334,380 | 11.6% |
| 2012 | $9,745,261,301 | $9,085,697,011 | -7.14% |
| 2013 | $10,817,702,346 | $9,351,477,060 | 11% |
| 2014 | $11,362,265,253 | $9,690,853,712 | 5.03% |
| 2015 | $10,064,519,963 | $10,064,519,963 | -11.4% |
| 2016 | $10,672,467,073 | $10,351,178,143 | 6.04% |
| 2017 | $11,307,067,070 | $10,463,154,366 | 5.95% |
| 2018 | $12,683,068,114 | $10,764,555,646 | 12.2% |
| 2019 | $12,606,338,449 | $11,185,494,934 | -0.6% |
| 2020 | $12,361,036,914 | $10,661,068,595 | -1.95% |
| 2021 | $14,000,283,827 | $11,141,955,230 | 13.3% |
| 2022 | $13,932,436,550 | $11,449,348,867 | -0.48% |
| 2023 | $15,763,604,288 | $11,686,641,441 | 13.1% |
| 2024 | $16,685,236,492 | $12,008,754,399 | 5.85% |
Economic Statistics of North Macedonia
North Macedonia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$16.7B
2024 |
138/197 |
| GDP growth |
5.85%
2023-2024 |
95/196 |
| GDP per capita |
$9,310
2024 |
88/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$26,587
2024 |
78/197 |
| Government debt |
$9.15B
2024 |
130/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
52.9%
2025 |
101/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$5,105
2024 |
78/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$8,472
2025 |
82/197 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
22.9%
2019 |
148/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
1.9%
2019 |
144/169 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
39.1%
2025 |
56/195 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
3.9%
2024-2025 |
73/195 |
| Central bank interest rate |
5.35%
2025 |
58/105 |
| Unemployment rate |
12.3%
2024 |
24/196 |
| Population |
1783115
|
150/197 |
North Macedonia's GDP per capita
North Macedonia has a GDP per capita of $9,310, ranking 88/197, a GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP) of $26,587, ranking 78/197, and a median annual after tax income of $8,472, ranking 82/197.
| Year | Current $ | |
|---|---|---|
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 1990 | $2,277 | $5,347 |
| 1991 | $2,402 | $5,206 |
| 1992 | $1,199 | $5,032 |
| 1993 | $1,337 | $4,828 |
| 1994 | $1,786 | $4,879 |
| 1995 | $2,355 | $4,911 |
| 1996 | $2,307 | $5,025 |
| 1997 | $1,960 | $5,226 |
| 1998 | $1,876 | $5,448 |
| 1999 | $1,915 | $5,724 |
| 2000 | $1,862 | $6,153 |
| 2001 | $1,823 | $6,052 |
| 2002 | $1,989 | $6,395 |
| 2003 | $2,445 | $6,609 |
| 2004 | $2,819 | $7,230 |
| 2005 | $3,121 | $7,972 |
| 2006 | $3,440 | $8,890 |
| 2007 | $4,204 | $9,639 |
| 2008 | $5,026 | $10,924 |
| 2009 | $4,800 | $11,526 |
| 2010 | $4,833 | $11,994 |
| 2011 | $5,417 | $12,421 |
| 2012 | $5,050 | $12,726 |
| 2013 | $5,626 | $13,663 |
| 2014 | $5,925 | $14,485 |
| 2015 | $5,263 | $15,038 |
| 2016 | $5,598 | $16,457 |
| 2017 | $5,955 | $17,161 |
| 2018 | $6,714 | $18,460 |
| 2019 | $6,719 | $20,222 |
| 2020 | $6,660 | $19,962 |
| 2021 | $7,621 | $22,144 |
| 2022 | $7,606 | $24,067 |
| 2023 | $8,624 | $24,390 |
| 2024 | $9,310 | $26,587 |
North Macedonia's government spending, deficit, and chart
This chart shows North Macedonia's government spending, budget balance, and debt over time, each expressed as a share of GDP.
Over the past 29 years, North Macedonia recorded a fiscal deficit in 24 years — average annual deficit equal to -2.61% of GDP. In 2024, government spending reached $6.13B (39.1% of GDP), with a deficit of -5.04%.
The national debt reached $9.15B, ranking 130th out of 185 countries by total size, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 52.9%, ranking 101st.
| Year | % of GDP | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Government spending | Government debt | Government deficit/surplus | |
| 1997 | 32.9% | 29.3% | -0.36% |
| 1998 | 32.8% | 33.1% | -1.63% |
| 1999 | 33.2% | 30.4% | 0.03% |
| 2000 | 32% | 45.6% | 2.37% |
| 2001 | 37.4% | 45.2% | -5.88% |
| 2002 | 38.2% | 40.5% | -5.24% |
| 2003 | 36% | 36.5% | -0.07% |
| 2004 | 34.1% | 34.6% | 0.37% |
| 2005 | 32.5% | 36.7% | 0.21% |
| 2006 | 31.5% | 30.6% | -0.51% |
| 2007 | 31.4% | 23.5% | 0.58% |
| 2008 | 33.8% | 20.6% | -0.93% |
| 2009 | 33.6% | 23.7% | -2.63% |
| 2010 | 32.5% | 24.3% | -2.41% |
| 2011 | 31.9% | 27.7% | -2.47% |
| 2012 | 33.3% | 33.7% | -3.81% |
| 2013 | 31.7% | 34% | -3.84% |
| 2014 | 31.7% | 38% | -4.19% |
| 2015 | 32.2% | 38% | -3.48% |
| 2016 | 31.1% | 39.7% | -2.7% |
| 2017 | 31.8% | 39.4% | -2.73% |
| 2018 | 30.3% | 40.4% | -1.76% |
| 2019 | 31.4% | 40.4% | -1.97% |
| 2020 | 36.4% | 50.8% | -8.05% |
| 2021 | 35.3% | 52.7% | -5.32% |
| 2022 | 35% | 50.4% | -5.23% |
| 2023 | 35.5% | 50.8% | -4.61% |
| 2024 | 36.7% | 54.8% | -4.45% |
| 2025 | 39.1% | 52.9% | -5.04% |
Inflation rate by year
Over the past 20 years, North Macedonia has had an average annual inflation rate of 3.15%. In 2025, inflation was 3.9%. The bar chart below shows consumer price inflation by year.
| Year | Inflation |
|---|---|
| 1993 | 339% |
| 1994 | 126.6% |
| 1995 | 16.4% |
| 1996 | 2.5% |
| 1997 | 1.3% |
| 1998 | 0.5% |
| 1999 | -1.3% |
| 2000 | 6.6% |
| 2001 | 5.2% |
| 2002 | 1.1% |
| 2003 | 0.9% |
| 2004 | -0.4% |
| 2005 | 0.5% |
| 2006 | 3.2% |
| 2007 | 2.3% |
| 2008 | 8.3% |
| 2009 | -0.7% |
| 2010 | 1.5% |
| 2011 | 3.9% |
| 2012 | 3.3% |
| 2013 | 2.8% |
| 2014 | -0.3% |
| 2015 | -0.3% |
| 2016 | -0.2% |
| 2017 | 1.4% |
| 2018 | 1.5% |
| 2019 | 0.8% |
| 2020 | 1.2% |
| 2021 | 3.2% |
| 2022 | 14.2% |
| 2023 | 9.4% |
| 2024 | 3.5% |
| 2025 | 3.9% |
Balance of trade
|
North Macedonia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
Current account balance
|
-$374M
2024 |
101/189 |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
-2.24%
2024 |
106/189 |
| Goods imports |
$10.6B
2024 |
105/188 |
| Goods exports |
$7.28B
2024 |
108/188 |
| Service imports |
$2.01B
2024 |
120/188 |
| Service exports |
$3.16B
2024 |
104/188 |
| Imports of goods and services, % of GDP |
75.8%
2024 |
19/180 |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
62.7%
2024 |
38/193 |
North Macedonia's top 10 trading partners
North Macedonia's biggest trading partner accounting for 22.9%% of all exports and imports is Germany, with a trade balance between the two of +$2.05B — North Macedonia exports $3.35B worth of goods and services to Germany and imports $1.3B.
Below is the list of the top 10 trade partners of North Macedonia.
| Rank | Country | Trade value | Share of total trade | Export to | Import from | Top export to | Top import from |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Germany
|
$4.66B | 22.9% | $3.35B | $1.3B | Chemicals & pharma | Machinery & equipment |
| 2 |
Serbia
|
$1.73B | 8.51% | $882M | $848M | Raw materials & minerals | Processed food, beverages & tobacco |
| 3 |
United Kingdom
|
$1.43B | 7.04% | $110M | $1.32B | Machinery & equipment | Precious metals & jewellery |
| 4 |
Greece
|
$1.35B | 6.65% | $284M | $1.07B | Metals | Raw materials & minerals |
| 5 |
China
|
$1.22B | 6.01% | $56.7M | $1.17B | Raw materials & minerals | Machinery & equipment |
| 6 |
Bulgaria
|
$1.11B | 5.46% | $474M | $636M | Raw materials & minerals | Raw materials & minerals |
| 7 |
Turkey
|
$982M | 4.83% | $165M | $817M | Metals | Metals |
| 8 |
Italy
|
$742M | 3.65% | $223M | $519M | Machinery & equipment | Machinery & equipment |
| 9 |
Poland
|
$543M | 2.67% | $109M | $434M | Machinery & equipment | Textiles & consumer goods |
| 10 |
Hungary
|
$540M | 2.66% | $308M | $232M | Machinery & equipment | Textiles & consumer goods |
North Macedonia's top 10 exports
|
North Macedonia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Machinery & equipment | $2.54B | 67/193 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $2.4B | 56/193 |
| Transport & tourism services | $1.25B | 109/188 |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $1.02B | 74/193 |
| Metals | $760M | 76/192 |
| Raw materials & minerals | $698M | 114/193 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $630M | 93/192 |
| IT & IP services | $619M | 70/183 |
| Business & finance services | $595M | 85/188 |
| Manufacturing & construction services | $393M | 61/164 |
North Macedonia's top 10 imports
|
North Macedonia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Machinery & equipment | $3.23B | 106/193 |
| Raw materials & minerals | $1.9B | 119/193 |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $1.55B | 84/193 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $1.33B | 104/193 |
| Metals | $1.08B | 92/193 |
| Precious metals & jewellery | $1.07B | 41/193 |
| Transport & tourism services | $954M | 125/188 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $822M | 112/193 |
| Business & finance services | $411M | 117/188 |
| Animal & marine products | $360M | 97/193 |
Economic freedom indices
|
North Macedonia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 63.2 | 80/197 |
| Property rights | 59.1 | 71/182 |
| Government integrity | 43.6 | 71/182 |
| Judicial effectiveness | 49.7 | 71/182 |
| Tax burden | 94.8 | 14/181 |
| Government spending | 60.6 | 123/180 |
| Fiscal health | 50.9 | 123/181 |
| Business freedom | 74.2 | 55/182 |
| Labor freedom | 57.6 | 88/182 |
| Monetary freedom | 65 | 143/180 |
| Trade freedom | 77.8 | 64/181 |
| Investment freedom | 65 | 54/181 |
| Financial freedom | 60 | 53/181 |
North Macedonia's economic freedom by year
North Macedonia is ranked 73/180 for economic freedom with a score of 63.2, compared to 97/163 and a score of 56.1 in 2005.
| Year | Index | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | Judicial effectiveness | Tax burden | Government spending | Fiscal health | |
| 2002 | 58 | - | 81 | 63.3 | - |
| 2003 | 60.1 | - | 80.3 | 85.7 | - |
| 2004 | 56.8 | - | 84.6 | 48.1 | - |
| 2005 | 56.1 | - | 83.6 | 49.6 | - |
| 2006 | 59.2 | - | 80.4 | 65.1 | - |
| 2007 | 60.6 | - | 85 | 60.9 | - |
| 2008 | 61.1 | - | 88.1 | 61.6 | - |
| 2009 | 61.2 | - | 89.4 | 65.1 | - |
| 2010 | 65.7 | - | 89.3 | 65.9 | - |
| 2011 | 66 | - | 90 | 64.3 | - |
| 2012 | 68.5 | - | 91.2 | 66.7 | - |
| 2013 | 68.2 | - | 91.4 | 69.1 | - |
| 2014 | 68.6 | - | 91.4 | 70.7 | - |
| 2015 | 67.1 | - | 91.4 | 65.6 | - |
| 2016 | 67.5 | - | 92.1 | 69.6 | - |
| 2017 | 70.7 | 61.4 | 91.9 | 68.9 | 72.6 |
| 2018 | 71.3 | 57 | 91.6 | 70.3 | 78.1 |
| 2019 | 71.1 | 60.7 | 91.8 | 70 | 82.9 |
| 2020 | 69.5 | 42.7 | 91.5 | 71 | 87.7 |
| 2021 | 68.6 | 40.4 | 94.9 | 71 | 87.8 |
| 2022 | 65.7 | 50.2 | 95 | 67.7 | 69.8 |
| 2023 | 63.7 | 40.1 | 95 | 63.9 | 51.4 |
| 2024 | 61.4 | 49.4 | 94.4 | 61.7 | 37.7 |
| 2025 | 63.2 | 49.7 | 94.8 | 60.6 | 50.9 |
More economic indicators
|
North Macedonia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
59.2%
2024 |
81/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
22.7%
2024 |
112/194 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
5.97%
2024 |
100/193 |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$15B
2024 |
143/194 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$25,210
2024 |
73/191 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$5.25B
2024 |
97/177 |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
-$1.18B
2024 |
121/188 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
$1.17B
2024 |
90/193 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
-$2.99M
2024 |
168/187 |
|
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
|
11.6%
2023 |
14/119 |
| Poverty at national poverty lines |
22.2%
2022 |
84/176 |
|
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
|
28.4%
2024 |
44/176 |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
GDP per capita map
GDP per capita
Relevant pages:
North Macedonia topic pages:
Economy comparisons
The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.
Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.