Turkmenistan ranked 88/197 by economy size with a GDP of $64.2B and 91/197 by GDP per capita at $8,572. Turkmenistan has $2.97B in government debt, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 4.5%.
In 2025, Turkmenistan made up 0.06% of the world's economy, compared to 0.01% in 1987.
The chart below shows GDP in nominal terms, GDP adjusted for inflation (in constant dollars), and a bar chart of year-over-year inflation-adjusted growth.
| Year | GDP | GDP growth | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Current $ | Constant $ | ||
| 1987 | $2,331,358,820 | $9,134,688,479 | - |
| 1988 | $3,010,982,414 | $10,141,662,024 | 29.2% |
| 1989 | $3,006,988,217 | $9,710,101,902 | -0.13% |
| 1990 | $3,189,539,641 | $13,145,978,552 | 6.07% |
| 1991 | $3,208,098,919 | $12,540,571,637 | 0.58% |
| 1992 | $3,200,539,816 | $10,663,751,367 | -0.24% |
| 1993 | $3,179,225,949 | $10,823,707,656 | -0.67% |
| 1994 | $2,561,118,608 | $8,951,221,334 | -19.4% |
| 1995 | $2,482,228,440 | $8,306,729,733 | -3.08% |
| 1996 | $2,378,759,975 | $8,863,279,974 | -4.17% |
| 1997 | $2,450,350,625 | $7,852,866,037 | 3.01% |
| 1998 | $2,605,689,134 | $8,410,419,553 | 6.34% |
| 1999 | $2,450,564,100 | $9,798,138,737 | -5.95% |
| 2000 | $2,904,663,311 | $10,334,005,228 | 18.5% |
| 2001 | $3,534,772,732 | $10,782,898,471 | 21.7% |
| 2002 | $4,462,029,109 | $10,810,629,921 | 26.2% |
| 2003 | $5,977,440,583 | $11,164,010,880 | 34% |
| 2004 | $6,838,351,088 | $11,722,256,910 | 14.4% |
| 2005 | $8,103,901,996 | $13,250,139,963 | 18.5% |
| 2006 | $10,276,674,365 | $14,704,118,675 | 26.8% |
| 2007 | $12,664,165,103 | $16,330,291,194 | 23.2% |
| 2008 | $19,271,523,179 | $18,730,843,999 | 52.2% |
| 2009 | $20,214,385,965 | $19,873,425,505 | 4.89% |
| 2010 | $22,583,157,895 | $21,701,780,649 | 11.7% |
| 2011 | $29,233,333,333 | $24,891,942,389 | 29.4% |
| 2012 | $35,164,210,526 | $27,654,947,984 | 20.3% |
| 2013 | $39,197,543,860 | $30,475,752,707 | 11.5% |
| 2014 | $43,524,210,526 | $33,614,755,226 | 11% |
| 2015 | $35,799,714,286 | $35,799,714,286 | -17.7% |
| 2016 | $36,169,428,571 | $38,019,296,559 | 1.03% |
| 2017 | $37,926,285,714 | $40,490,550,854 | 4.86% |
| 2018 | $40,765,428,571 | $43,000,964,983 | 7.49% |
| 2019 | $45,232,857,143 | $45,710,025,795 | 11% |
| 2020 | $45,818,000,000 | $48,406,917,339 | 1.29% |
| 2021 | $50,007,428,571 | $51,408,146,222 | 9.14% |
| 2022 | $58,972,000,000 | $54,595,451,255 | 17.9% |
| 2023 | $60,628,857,143 | $58,035,050,719 | 2.81% |
| 2024 | $64,239,891,739 | $59,349,032,300 | 5.96% |
Economic Statistics of Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$64.2B
2024 |
88/197 |
| GDP growth |
5.96%
2023-2024 |
92/196 |
| GDP per capita |
$8,572
2024 |
91/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$20,408
2024 |
94/197 |
| Government debt |
$2.97B
2024 |
155/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
4.5%
2025 |
183/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$396
2024 |
172/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$8,974
2025 |
80/197 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
31.5%
1998 |
40/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
2.4%
1998 |
111/169 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
11.1%
2025 |
192/195 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
3.9%
2024-2025 |
74/195 |
| Unemployment rate |
4%
2010 |
124/196 |
| Population |
7713465
|
104/197 |
Turkmenistan's GDP per capita
Turkmenistan has a GDP per capita of $8,572, ranking 91/197, a GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP) of $20,408, ranking 94/197, and a median annual after tax income of $8,974, ranking 80/197.
| Year | Current $ | |
|---|---|---|
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 1987 | $675 | - |
| 1988 | $846 | - |
| 1989 | $821 | - |
| 1990 | $848 | $5,321 |
| 1991 | $832 | $5,117 |
| 1992 | $811 | $4,351 |
| 1993 | $788 | $4,422 |
| 1994 | $622 | $3,659 |
| 1995 | $592 | $3,405 |
| 1996 | $558 | $3,636 |
| 1997 | $565 | $3,222 |
| 1998 | $591 | $3,432 |
| 1999 | $546 | $3,981 |
| 2000 | $634 | $4,209 |
| 2001 | $756 | $4,401 |
| 2002 | $936 | $4,393 |
| 2003 | $1,229 | $4,536 |
| 2004 | $1,379 | $4,798 |
| 2005 | $1,604 | $5,489 |
| 2006 | $1,997 | $6,164 |
| 2007 | $2,415 | $6,901 |
| 2008 | $3,606 | $7,916 |
| 2009 | $3,708 | $8,285 |
| 2010 | $4,059 | $8,972 |
| 2011 | $5,144 | $10,283 |
| 2012 | $6,054 | $11,035 |
| 2013 | $6,600 | $11,723 |
| 2014 | $7,164 | $12,477 |
| 2015 | $5,759 | $12,715 |
| 2016 | $5,687 | $12,919 |
| 2017 | $5,828 | $13,278 |
| 2018 | $6,125 | $14,368 |
| 2019 | $6,648 | $15,478 |
| 2020 | $6,593 | $15,091 |
| 2021 | $7,051 | $16,434 |
| 2022 | $8,156 | $18,340 |
| 2023 | $8,233 | $19,829 |
| 2024 | $8,572 | $20,408 |
Turkmenistan's government spending, deficit, and chart
This chart shows Turkmenistan's government spending, budget balance, and debt over time, each expressed as a share of GDP.
Over the past 29 years, Turkmenistan recorded a fiscal deficit in 8 years — average annual surplus equal to +1.04% of GDP. In 2024, government spending reached $7.26B (11.1% of GDP), with a surplus of +0.17%.
The national debt reached $2.97B, ranking 155th out of 185 countries by total size, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 4.5%, ranking 183rd.
| Year | % of GDP | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Government spending | Government debt | Government deficit/surplus | |
| 1997 | 14.6% | 84.9% | -0.11% |
| 1998 | 14.2% | 107.9% | 0.63% |
| 1999 | 11.3% | 88.2% | 1.35% |
| 2000 | 14.1% | 72.9% | -0.3% |
| 2001 | 12.3% | 45.1% | 0.42% |
| 2002 | 10.6% | 32% | 0.1% |
| 2003 | 11.3% | 22.4% | 2.17% |
| 2004 | 11% | 15.1% | 0.8% |
| 2005 | 11.5% | 9.01% | 0.47% |
| 2006 | 8.74% | 5.59% | 3.07% |
| 2007 | 7.86% | 4.05% | 2.28% |
| 2008 | 6.36% | 4.71% | 5.85% |
| 2009 | 7.84% | 4.08% | 4.11% |
| 2010 | 8.86% | 6.21% | 1.29% |
| 2011 | 9.62% | 10% | 2.4% |
| 2012 | 10.3% | 13.8% | 5.27% |
| 2013 | 13% | 16% | 1.18% |
| 2014 | 13.2% | 12.3% | 0.69% |
| 2015 | 13.8% | 14.5% | -0.56% |
| 2016 | 11.9% | 18.5% | -2.01% |
| 2017 | 14.7% | 20% | -2.35% |
| 2018 | 11.4% | 18.7% | -0.18% |
| 2019 | 11.6% | 15.3% | -0.34% |
| 2020 | 11.8% | 13.3% | -0.14% |
| 2021 | 10.9% | 10.7% | 0.46% |
| 2022 | 9.44% | 5.77% | 2.45% |
| 2023 | 10.9% | 4.66% | 0.75% |
| 2024 | 11.3% | 4.62% | 0.32% |
| 2025 | 11.1% | 4.5% | 0.17% |
Inflation rate by year
Over the past 20 years, Turkmenistan has had an average annual inflation rate of 6.76%. In 2025, inflation was 3.9%. The bar chart below shows consumer price inflation by year.
| Year | Inflation |
|---|---|
| 1993 | 3,102% |
| 1994 | 1,748% |
| 1995 | 1,005% |
| 1996 | 992% |
| 1997 | 83.7% |
| 1998 | 16.8% |
| 1999 | 23.5% |
| 2000 | 8% |
| 2001 | 11.6% |
| 2002 | 8.8% |
| 2003 | 5.6% |
| 2004 | 5.9% |
| 2005 | 10.7% |
| 2006 | 8.2% |
| 2007 | 6.3% |
| 2008 | 14.5% |
| 2009 | -2.7% |
| 2010 | 4.4% |
| 2011 | 5.3% |
| 2012 | 5.3% |
| 2013 | 6.8% |
| 2014 | 6% |
| 2015 | 7.4% |
| 2016 | 3.6% |
| 2017 | 8% |
| 2018 | 13.3% |
| 2019 | 5.1% |
| 2020 | 6.1% |
| 2021 | 19.5% |
| 2022 | 11.2% |
| 2023 | -1.6% |
| 2024 | 4.6% |
| 2025 | 3.9% |
Balance of trade
|
Turkmenistan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Imports of goods and services, % of GDP |
12.5%
2023 |
178/180 |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
21.6%
2023 |
144/193 |
Turkmenistan's top 10 trading partners
Turkmenistan's biggest trading partner accounting for 51.4%% of all exports and imports is China, with a trade balance between the two of +$8.59B — Turkmenistan exports $9.62B worth of goods and services to China and imports $1.03B.
Below is the list of the top 10 trade partners of Turkmenistan.
| Rank | Country | Trade value | Share of total trade | Export to | Import from | Top export to | Top import from |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
China
|
$10.6B | 51.4% | $9.62B | $1.03B | Raw materials & minerals | Machinery & equipment |
| 2 |
Turkey
|
$2.17B | 10.5% | $1.07B | $1.1B | Raw materials & minerals | Machinery & equipment |
| 3 |
Uzbekistan
|
$1.62B | 7.81% | $1.49B | $134M | Raw materials & minerals | Raw materials & minerals |
| 4 |
UAE
|
$1.02B | 4.94% | $16.1M | $1.01B | Raw agricultural goods | Machinery & equipment |
| 5 |
Russia
|
$866M | 4.18% | $141M | $725M | Textiles & consumer goods | Miscellaneous |
| 6 |
Kazakhstan
|
$556M | 2.68% | $221M | $335M | Raw materials & minerals | Machinery & equipment |
| 7 |
Iran
|
$501M | 2.41% | $38.4M | $462M | Raw materials & minerals | Metals |
| 8 |
Afghanistan
|
$411M | 1.98% | $410M | $899K | Raw materials & minerals | Processed food, beverages & tobacco |
| 9 |
Azerbaijan
|
$384M | 1.85% | $303M | $80.2M | Raw materials & minerals | Metals |
| 10 |
Greece
|
$324M | 1.56% | $317M | $6.93M | Raw materials & minerals | Raw materials & minerals |
Turkmenistan's top 10 exports
|
Turkmenistan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Raw materials & minerals | $13.5B | 48/193 |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $158M | 114/193 |
| Raw agricultural goods | $82.4M | 122/193 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $62.3M | 122/193 |
| Machinery & equipment | $19.4M | 158/193 |
| Metals | $10.1M | 153/192 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $9.96M | 162/192 |
| Animal & marine products | $9.43M | 152/192 |
| Miscellaneous | $4.4M | 119/191 |
| Precious metals & jewellery | $2.9M | 144/190 |
Turkmenistan's top 10 imports
|
Turkmenistan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Machinery & equipment | $1.84B | 125/193 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $513M | 133/193 |
| Metals | $507M | 121/193 |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $395M | 129/193 |
| Raw materials & minerals | $268M | 162/193 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $153M | 163/193 |
| Raw agricultural goods | $83.8M | 165/193 |
| Wood & paper products | $78.6M | 146/193 |
| Animal & marine products | $68.9M | 149/193 |
| Precious metals & jewellery | $28.3M | 104/193 |
Economic freedom indices
|
Turkmenistan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 47.1 | 178/197 |
| Property rights | 17.7 | 168/182 |
| Government integrity | 7.3 | 168/182 |
| Judicial effectiveness | 8.2 | 168/182 |
| Tax burden | 94.2 | 16/181 |
| Government spending | 96.7 | 2/180 |
| Fiscal health | 100 | 2/181 |
| Business freedom | 37.4 | 160/182 |
| Labor freedom | 33.9 | 176/182 |
| Monetary freedom | 75.1 | 39/180 |
| Trade freedom | 74.2 | 73/181 |
| Investment freedom | 10 | 174/181 |
| Financial freedom | 10 | 178/181 |
Turkmenistan's economic freedom by year
Turkmenistan is ranked 164/180 for economic freedom with a score of 47.1, compared to 142/163 and a score of 47.6 in 2005.
| Year | Index | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | Judicial effectiveness | Tax burden | Government spending | Fiscal health | |
| 1998 | 35 | - | 56.2 | 84.1 | - |
| 1999 | 36.1 | - | 57.5 | 92.3 | - |
| 2000 | 37.6 | - | 83.3 | 79.7 | - |
| 2001 | 41.8 | - | 84.6 | 79.7 | - |
| 2002 | 43.2 | - | 85.1 | 81.3 | - |
| 2003 | 51.3 | - | 90.1 | 88.7 | - |
| 2004 | 50.7 | - | 89.9 | 80.8 | - |
| 2005 | 47.6 | - | 89.9 | 90.8 | - |
| 2006 | 43.8 | - | 90.8 | 88.7 | - |
| 2007 | 43 | - | 91.7 | 85.3 | - |
| 2008 | 43.4 | - | 90.6 | 85.3 | - |
| 2009 | 44.2 | - | 90.9 | 93.6 | - |
| 2010 | 42.5 | - | 90.2 | 94.7 | - |
| 2011 | 43.6 | - | 93.6 | 95.5 | - |
| 2012 | 43.8 | - | 98.4 | 93.5 | - |
| 2013 | 42.6 | - | 94 | 91.7 | - |
| 2014 | 42.2 | - | 95.2 | 93 | - |
| 2015 | 41.4 | - | 94 | 93.5 | - |
| 2016 | 41.9 | - | 95.3 | 92.2 | - |
| 2017 | 47.4 | 5 | 95.3 | 92.3 | 98.9 |
| 2018 | 47.1 | 5 | 95.9 | 92.2 | 98.6 |
| 2019 | 48.4 | 29.8 | 95.9 | 92 | 92.3 |
| 2020 | 46.5 | 20 | 95.9 | 93.1 | 94.5 |
| 2021 | 47.4 | 20 | 92.6 | 93.2 | 96.3 |
| 2022 | 46.2 | 8.3 | 92.6 | 94.5 | 98 |
| 2023 | 46.5 | 8.1 | 94.3 | 96.2 | 99.8 |
| 2024 | 46.3 | 10 | 94.3 | 96.7 | 99.9 |
| 2025 | 47.1 | 8.2 | 94.2 | 96.7 | 100 |
More economic indicators
|
Turkmenistan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
49.4%
2023 |
134/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
39.3%
2023 |
22/194 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
11.3%
2023 |
65/193 |
GNI, Atlas method
|
$62.9B
2024 |
87/194 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$20,220
2024 |
90/191 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$1.51B
1999 |
135/177 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
$1.64B
2024 |
76/193 |
|
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
|
1.93%
2023 |
91/119 |
| Poverty at national poverty lines |
0.2%
2020 |
175/176 |
|
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
|
47.2%
2012 |
1/176 |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
GDP per capita map
GDP per capita
Relevant pages:
Turkmenistan topic pages:
Economy comparisons
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.
Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.