The Czech Republic ranked 45/197 by economy size with a GDP of $345B and 39/197 by GDP per capita at $31,707. The Czech Republic has $148B in government debt, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 44.2%.
In 2025, the Czech Republic made up 0.31% of the world's economy, compared to 0.18% in 1990.
The chart below shows GDP in nominal terms, GDP adjusted for inflation (in constant dollars), and a bar chart of year-over-year inflation-adjusted growth.
| Year | GDP | GDP growth | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Current $ | Constant $ | ||
| 1990 | $41,016,881,802 | $122,972,963,913 | - |
| 1991 | $30,071,014,282 | $108,689,725,031 | -26.7% |
| 1992 | $35,051,065,440 | $108,139,165,551 | 16.6% |
| 1993 | $41,155,654,032 | $108,206,108,282 | 17.4% |
| 1994 | $48,188,478,339 | $111,354,158,853 | 17.1% |
| 1995 | $60,572,381,311 | $118,281,953,160 | 25.7% |
| 1996 | $67,804,105,330 | $123,212,636,053 | 11.9% |
| 1997 | $62,539,765,163 | $122,478,487,836 | -7.76% |
| 1998 | $67,187,217,328 | $121,996,963,424 | 7.43% |
| 1999 | $65,586,562,605 | $123,678,521,512 | -2.38% |
| 2000 | $62,175,642,238 | $128,638,858,401 | -5.2% |
| 2001 | $68,135,304,464 | $132,391,536,300 | 9.59% |
| 2002 | $82,607,869,610 | $134,395,228,572 | 21.2% |
| 2003 | $100,435,924,705 | $138,831,395,778 | 21.6% |
| 2004 | $120,147,899,984 | $145,406,922,288 | 19.6% |
| 2005 | $137,264,185,596 | $154,676,655,550 | 14.2% |
| 2006 | $156,236,258,387 | $164,921,158,025 | 13.8% |
| 2007 | $190,040,702,287 | $173,973,393,346 | 21.6% |
| 2008 | $236,506,264,754 | $178,518,044,754 | 24.5% |
| 2009 | $206,971,882,705 | $169,952,170,271 | -12.5% |
| 2010 | $211,168,667,286 | $174,565,802,522 | 2.03% |
| 2011 | $231,429,378,717 | $177,659,773,383 | 9.59% |
| 2012 | $210,363,223,088 | $176,290,606,022 | -9.1% |
| 2013 | $213,024,360,541 | $176,216,894,660 | 1.27% |
| 2014 | $210,911,285,078 | $180,173,337,875 | -0.99% |
| 2015 | $189,107,698,562 | $189,107,698,562 | -10.3% |
| 2016 | $198,160,659,304 | $193,988,322,685 | 4.79% |
| 2017 | $221,563,575,696 | $204,024,435,233 | 11.8% |
| 2018 | $251,992,360,762 | $209,798,950,825 | 13.7% |
| 2019 | $256,794,209,029 | $217,279,912,682 | 1.91% |
| 2020 | $251,109,660,603 | $205,753,475,018 | -2.21% |
| 2021 | $290,972,714,482 | $214,043,320,221 | 15.9% |
| 2022 | $301,831,228,326 | $220,137,498,831 | 3.73% |
| 2023 | $343,206,568,135 | $220,015,846,842 | 13.7% |
| 2024 | $345,036,675,975 | $222,480,870,567 | 0.53% |
Economic Statistics of the Czech Republic
Czech Republic
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$345B
2024 |
45/197 |
| GDP growth |
0.53%
2023-2024 |
172/196 |
| GDP per capita |
$31,707
2024 |
39/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$56,806
2024 |
34/197 |
| Government debt |
$148B
2024 |
49/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
44.2%
2025 |
119/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$13,630
2024 |
43/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$21,451
2025 |
40/197 |
| Listed domestic companies |
25
2024 |
86/103 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies |
$34.6B
2024 |
54/100 |
| Number of billionaires |
11
2025 |
31/78 |
| Billionaire frequency |
1 in 783,681
2025 |
26/78 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
21.5%
2023 |
163/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
3.8%
2023 |
16/169 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
43.3%
2025 |
43/195 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
2.44%
2023-2024 |
124/195 |
| Central bank interest rate |
3.5%
2025 |
82/105 |
| Unemployment rate |
2.6%
2024 |
163/196 |
| Population |
10753822
|
87/197 |
Czech Republic's GDP per capita
The Czech Republic has a GDP per capita of $31,707, ranking 39/197, a GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP) of $56,806, ranking 34/197, and a median annual after tax income of $21,451, ranking 40/197.
| Year | Current $ | |
|---|---|---|
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 1990 | $3,969 | $12,806 |
| 1991 | $2,917 | $11,730 |
| 1992 | $3,397 | $11,924 |
| 1993 | $3,984 | $12,201 |
| 1994 | $4,663 | $12,820 |
| 1995 | $5,865 | $13,948 |
| 1996 | $6,573 | $14,775 |
| 1997 | $6,069 | $14,908 |
| 1998 | $6,527 | $15,063 |
| 1999 | $6,378 | $15,494 |
| 2000 | $6,063 | $16,329 |
| 2001 | $6,669 | $17,711 |
| 2002 | $8,101 | $18,344 |
| 2003 | $9,852 | $19,607 |
| 2004 | $11,783 | $20,991 |
| 2005 | $13,442 | $22,115 |
| 2006 | $15,259 | $23,919 |
| 2007 | $18,453 | $26,269 |
| 2008 | $22,775 | $27,938 |
| 2009 | $19,817 | $27,699 |
| 2010 | $20,160 | $28,157 |
| 2011 | $22,049 | $29,237 |
| 2012 | $20,014 | $29,466 |
| 2013 | $20,260 | $31,013 |
| 2014 | $20,038 | $32,743 |
| 2015 | $17,932 | $34,102 |
| 2016 | $18,754 | $36,445 |
| 2017 | $20,913 | $39,346 |
| 2018 | $23,706 | $41,638 |
| 2019 | $24,063 | $45,614 |
| 2020 | $23,473 | $44,839 |
| 2021 | $27,696 | $47,796 |
| 2022 | $28,282 | $51,710 |
| 2023 | $31,591 | $53,217 |
| 2024 | $31,707 | $56,806 |
Czech Republic's government spending, deficit, and chart
This chart shows the Czech Republic's government spending, budget balance, and debt over time, each expressed as a share of GDP.
Over the past 31 years, the Czech Republic recorded a fiscal deficit in 27 years — average annual deficit equal to -3.15% of GDP. In 2024, government spending reached $148B (43.3% of GDP), with a deficit of -2.56%.
The national debt reached $148B, ranking 49th out of 185 countries by total size, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 44.2%, ranking 119th.
| Year | % of GDP | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Government spending | Government debt | Government deficit/surplus | |
| 1995 | 52.8% | 13.5% | -12.3% |
| 1996 | 41.4% | 11.5% | -2.98% |
| 1997 | 41.3% | 12.1% | -3.14% |
| 1998 | 41.6% | 13.9% | -4.14% |
| 1999 | 40.9% | 15.1% | -3.08% |
| 2000 | 40.6% | 16.9% | -3.55% |
| 2001 | 43.1% | 22.6% | -5.76% |
| 2002 | 44.4% | 25.7% | -6.34% |
| 2003 | 49% | 28.1% | -6.87% |
| 2004 | 42.2% | 28.3% | -2.4% |
| 2005 | 42.3% | 27.7% | -3.06% |
| 2006 | 41.5% | 27.6% | -2.19% |
| 2007 | 40.5% | 27.3% | -0.68% |
| 2008 | 40.9% | 28.2% | -2% |
| 2009 | 44.5% | 33.4% | -5.46% |
| 2010 | 43.2% | 36.7% | -4.14% |
| 2011 | 42.8% | 39.4% | -2.71% |
| 2012 | 44.4% | 43.8% | -3.92% |
| 2013 | 42.4% | 44.1% | -1.3% |
| 2014 | 42.3% | 41.5% | -2.09% |
| 2015 | 41.7% | 39.5% | -0.67% |
| 2016 | 39.4% | 36.2% | 0.68% |
| 2017 | 38.5% | 33.8% | 1.46% |
| 2018 | 40.1% | 31.7% | 0.88% |
| 2019 | 40.4% | 29.6% | 0.28% |
| 2020 | 46.3% | 36.9% | -5.65% |
| 2021 | 45% | 40.7% | -4.95% |
| 2022 | 43% | 42.5% | -3.07% |
| 2023 | 43.9% | 42.4% | -3.78% |
| 2024 | 43% | 43% | -2.21% |
| 2025 | 43.3% | 44.2% | -2.56% |
Inflation rate by year
Over the past 20 years, the Czech Republic has had an average annual inflation rate of 3.34%. In 2024, inflation was 2.44%. The bar chart below shows consumer price inflation by year.
| Year | Inflation |
|---|---|
| 1992 | 11.1% |
| 1993 | 20.8% |
| 1994 | 10% |
| 1995 | 8.99% |
| 1996 | 8.76% |
| 1997 | 8.6% |
| 1998 | 10.7% |
| 1999 | 2.14% |
| 2000 | 3.78% |
| 2001 | 4.66% |
| 2002 | 1.9% |
| 2003 | 0.12% |
| 2004 | 2.76% |
| 2005 | 1.86% |
| 2006 | 2.53% |
| 2007 | 2.85% |
| 2008 | 6.36% |
| 2009 | 1.02% |
| 2010 | 1.47% |
| 2011 | 1.92% |
| 2012 | 3.29% |
| 2013 | 1.44% |
| 2014 | 0.34% |
| 2015 | 0.31% |
| 2016 | 0.68% |
| 2017 | 2.45% |
| 2018 | 2.15% |
| 2019 | 2.85% |
| 2020 | 3.16% |
| 2021 | 3.84% |
| 2022 | 15.1% |
| 2023 | 10.7% |
| 2024 | 2.44% |
Balance of trade
|
Czech Republic
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
Current account balance
|
$6.05B
2024 |
31/189 |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
+1.75%
2024 |
60/189 |
| Goods imports |
$179B
2024 |
29/188 |
| Goods exports |
$197B
2024 |
30/188 |
| Service imports |
$38B
2024 |
34/188 |
| Service exports |
$42.5B
2024 |
36/188 |
| Imports of goods and services, % of GDP |
62.7%
2024 |
45/180 |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
69.2%
2024 |
30/193 |
The Czech Republic's top 10 trading partners
The Czech Republic's biggest trading partner accounting for 26%% of all exports and imports is Germany, with a trade balance between the two of +$37.4B — the Czechia exports $90.9B worth of goods and services to Germany and imports $53.5B.
Below is the list of the top 10 trade partners of the Czech Republic.
| Rank | Country | Trade value | Share of total trade | Export to | Import from | Top export to | Top import from |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Germany
|
$144B | 26% | $90.9B | $53.5B | Machinery & equipment | Machinery & equipment |
| 2 |
China
|
$44.9B | 8.1% | $3.83B | $41B | Machinery & equipment | Machinery & equipment |
| 3 |
Poland
|
$42.5B | 7.67% | $21.4B | $21.1B | Machinery & equipment | Machinery & equipment |
| 4 |
Slovakia
|
$34.6B | 6.24% | $22.3B | $12.3B | Machinery & equipment | Machinery & equipment |
| 5 |
France
|
$21.6B | 3.89% | $13.6B | $8.01B | Machinery & equipment | Machinery & equipment |
| 6 |
Italy
|
$21.2B | 3.82% | $11.3B | $9.85B | Machinery & equipment | Machinery & equipment |
| 7 |
United Kingdom
|
$18.7B | 3.38% | $13.3B | $5.45B | Machinery & equipment | Machinery & equipment |
| 8 |
Austria
|
$18.6B | 3.36% | $11.5B | $7.15B | Machinery & equipment | Machinery & equipment |
| 9 |
Netherlands
|
$18B | 3.24% | $10.1B | $7.85B | Machinery & equipment | Machinery & equipment |
| 10 |
United States
|
$17.7B | 3.19% | $10.1B | $7.6B | Machinery & equipment | Machinery & equipment |
Czech Republic's top 10 exports
|
Czech Republic
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Machinery & equipment | $161B | 14/193 |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $23.4B | 17/193 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $20.5B | 28/193 |
| Metals | $17.5B | 27/192 |
| Transport & tourism services | $17B | 36/188 |
| Raw materials & minerals | $11.2B | 50/193 |
| Business & finance services | $10.2B | 31/188 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $9.28B | 26/192 |
| IT & IP services | $8.11B | 26/183 |
| Wood & paper products | $6.15B | 20/192 |
Czech Republic's top 10 imports
|
Czech Republic
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Machinery & equipment | $116B | 23/193 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $28.5B | 26/193 |
| Metals | $20.8B | 22/193 |
| Raw materials & minerals | $19.2B | 33/193 |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $19.1B | 22/193 |
| Transport & tourism services | $16.6B | 38/188 |
| Business & finance services | $11.2B | 36/188 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $8.66B | 31/193 |
| IT & IP services | $6.25B | 31/182 |
| Wood & paper products | $4.79B | 22/193 |
Economic freedom indices
|
Czech Republic
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 72.9 | 25/197 |
| Property rights | 89.9 | 22/182 |
| Government integrity | 62.8 | 22/182 |
| Judicial effectiveness | 92 | 22/182 |
| Tax burden | 78.9 | 94/181 |
| Government spending | 42.2 | 150/180 |
| Fiscal health | 71.5 | 90/181 |
| Business freedom | 81.4 | 28/182 |
| Labor freedom | 57.9 | 82/182 |
| Monetary freedom | 68.9 | 117/180 |
| Trade freedom | 79.6 | 34/181 |
| Investment freedom | 70 | 27/181 |
| Financial freedom | 80 | 3/181 |
Czech Republic's economic freedom by year
The Czech Republic is ranked 20/180 for economic freedom with a score of 72.9, compared to 45/163 and a score of 64.6 in 2005.
| Year | Index | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | Judicial effectiveness | Tax burden | Government spending | Fiscal health | |
| 1995 | 67.8 | - | 46.7 | 38.2 | - |
| 1996 | 68.1 | - | 47.5 | 38.2 | - |
| 1997 | 68.8 | - | 53.7 | 35.4 | - |
| 1998 | 68.4 | - | 54.7 | 39.3 | - |
| 1999 | 69.7 | - | 59.2 | 44.8 | - |
| 2000 | 68.6 | - | 58.1 | 49.6 | - |
| 2001 | 70.2 | - | 67.5 | 49.6 | - |
| 2002 | 66.5 | - | 66.8 | 33.7 | - |
| 2003 | 67.5 | - | 67.2 | 45.6 | - |
| 2004 | 67 | - | 67 | 40.9 | - |
| 2005 | 64.6 | - | 68.2 | 15.1 | - |
| 2006 | 66.4 | - | 68.8 | 36.8 | - |
| 2007 | 67.4 | - | 69.9 | 47.1 | - |
| 2008 | 68.1 | - | 71.3 | 45.6 | - |
| 2009 | 69.4 | - | 80.2 | 43 | - |
| 2010 | 69.8 | - | 80.1 | 45.6 | - |
| 2011 | 70.4 | - | 81 | 44.8 | - |
| 2012 | 69.9 | - | 82 | 36.8 | - |
| 2013 | 70.9 | - | 82 | 43.5 | - |
| 2014 | 72.2 | - | 81.7 | 43.8 | - |
| 2015 | 72.5 | - | 81.5 | 40.6 | - |
| 2016 | 73.2 | - | 82.5 | 47.3 | - |
| 2017 | 73.3 | 55.9 | 82.9 | 45.3 | 92 |
| 2018 | 74.2 | 57.9 | 82.9 | 48.6 | 96.2 |
| 2019 | 73.7 | 47.6 | 82.6 | 52.1 | 97.6 |
| 2020 | 74.8 | 49.9 | 82 | 52.7 | 97.8 |
| 2021 | 73.8 | 56.8 | 79.1 | 51.4 | 98.1 |
| 2022 | 74.4 | 81.8 | 78.9 | 44.7 | 93.2 |
| 2023 | 71.9 | 60.3 | 79.3 | 39.5 | 73.5 |
| 2024 | 70.2 | 83.1 | 79.6 | 36.2 | 58.7 |
| 2025 | 72.9 | 92 | 78.9 | 42.2 | 71.5 |
More economic indicators
|
Czech Republic
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
59.5%
2024 |
79/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
30.2%
2024 |
55/194 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
1.5%
2024 |
159/193 |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$317B
2024 |
45/194 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$54,340
2024 |
34/191 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$146B
2024 |
22/177 |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
-$1.87B
2024 |
138/188 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
$13.1B
2024 |
30/193 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
$11.2B
2024 |
25/187 |
| Poverty at national poverty lines |
10.2%
2021 |
151/176 |
|
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
|
26%
2024 |
61/176 |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
GDP per capita map
GDP per capita
Relevant pages:
Czech Republic topic pages:
Economy comparisons
The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.